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What is Dual Vocational Training?

Estimated reading time: 4 minutes

Updated on: July 2025

What is DVT

Key Takeaways

  • Dual vocational training (DVT) in Germany combines classroom learning with paid, hands-on work experience in a company, leading to industry-recognised qualifications.
  • Malaysian students benefit from free tuition, a monthly allowance, and a direct pathway to employment in sectors like engineering, culinary, hospitality, and nursing.
  • Compared to many TVET Malaysia programmes, DVT offers broader international recognition, stronger job prospects, and real-world industry integration.
  • Most DVT programmes require B1 or B2 level German proficiency.
  • Students must secure a contract with a German employer and apply for a visa with proper documentation.
  • German Educare provides full support through its DVT Preparation Programme, including language training, company matching, and visa assistance.
  • DVT is ideal for school leavers looking for a structured, financially accessible, and globally respected career route without pursuing traditional university education.

Many students have the opinion that a vocational school is an option for weaker students. The vocational schools are for students who do not perform well in exams. However, is a university education sufficient to help you join the workforce?

unedremployment rates for college graduates

4 out of 10 graduates are working in jobs that typically do not require a college degree

Based on a survey by the U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

A smarter way to select which institution you will receive your further education is to first think about your career pathway.

What do you aspire to be?

What are the specific knowledge which is required by your dream job?

Do you need to join a professional body to practise?

How much does it cost in total?

Are there scholarships or financial assistance available?

What are the different options available to achieve your dream?

For occupations such as accountancy, architecture, medicine, law, engineering or in the research fields, studying in a university will better prepare you. You have to enjoy studying and will need to do well in your exams.

However, a university education will have a higher barrier of entry. Students will often need to first complete a pre-university study and do well in their exams, face tough competitions from other students to enroll in the programs of their choice, pay a high tuition fee and potentially take loans to cover the expenses incurred.

For other occupations which are skill-based or technical in nature, a vocational education might be a better pathway instead. Students who prefer to learn-by-doing, and need to understand how to apply what they are learning will appreciate the vocational pathway.

Vocational schools have a lower barrier of entry, and it’s usually sufficient for a secondary school leaver to join a vocational program. The training duration is shorter, and it can take as short as two years to complete the training and start working. Not only is the tuition fee a lot lower, graduates are sought after in the industry and it won’t take long for them to land their first job.

Between 2008-2014, the proportion of bachelor degree graduates in full-time employment fell from 86% to 68%

The graduate employment rate of VET students who train as part of a trade apprenticeship is as high as 92%.

McCrindle report for Skilling Australia ‘Myths, realities & the critical role of vocational education & training in Australia (May 2017)

Note: VET stands for Vocational Education & Training in Australia

In Germany, there is a form of vocational training which is highly regarded by the industry. As many as 50% of German students will choose this program over studying at a university. This program is called the Dual Vocational Training, and students will have to apply to companies offering the Dual Vocational Training and receive on-the-job training for a specific role within the company. You can think of it as getting hired first, and then training for the job. The result? Best fit of skill set for both the student and employer.

The Vocational Training Act of 1969 introduced this close alliance between the Federal Government, the federal states and companies to provide young people with high quality training

Source: The German Vocational Training System

Small and medium sized companies collaborate with government funded vocational schools to offer the Dual Vocational Training. The program last between two to three and a half years, and trainees alternate between training at their company and at the vocational school. Instead of paying tuition fees to further their education, trainees receive an allowance which comfortably covers their living expenses.

Training, testing and certificates are standardized in all industries

Source: The German Vocational Training System

This means that when a trainee is trained and certified by a company, his skills are also relevant in other companies in Germany. Many companies consider the Dual Vocational Training as the best way to recruit talent as they get to properly prepare students for their future roles in the company. It is therefore no surprise that graduates from this program are retained by the companies. This model of education is so successful, it is now a model for many other countries around the world.

The dual system of vocational training has proved an effective means of combating youth unemployment and skills shortages. Germany is already collaborating with over 100 countries that have an interest in the German system.

Source: deutschland.de

For Malaysian school leavers and TVET-focused learners, dual vocational training (DVT) in Germany offers an exceptional opportunity to gain practical work experience and recognised qualifications without the financial burden often associated with traditional higher education.

This unique model blends classroom-based learning with hands-on industrial training—making it a powerful alternative to conventional academic routes.

One of the biggest advantages of DVT is that students receive a monthly allowance throughout their training period. As trainees are considered employees of the partner company, they are paid for their work—usually enough to cover basic living expenses such as rent, food, and transportation.

This makes DVT especially attractive for those who wish to avoid student loans and become financially independent while still gaining valuable skills.

Unlike many university courses, dual vocational training in Germany is tuition-free. The company you are attached to will pay for your vocational tuition.

Combined with the monthly stipend, this means students can train and live in Germany with minimal out-of-pocket costs. This level of financial accessibility far exceeds what most TVET programmes in Malaysia currently offer.

DVT is designed to meet Germany’s industry needs. Trainees develop practical, job-ready skills in real-world environments, which significantly boosts their employability. Upon completing the programme, many students are offered permanent roles by their training companies.

For Malaysian students, this provides a clear pathway to work and potentially settle in Germany, especially in high-demand fields like mechatronics, electrical, culinary, hospitality and nursing.

Graduates of DVT receive certifications recognised across Germany and the EU. These qualifications are aligned with national occupational standards, meaning your training is valued both locally and internationally. This global recognition opens doors to future employment or further study options around the world.

Compared to some local TVET Malaysia credentials, DVT graduates benefit from broader mobility and job prospects.

For Malaysian students, this provides a clear pathway to work and potentially settle in Germany, especially in high-demand fields like mechatronics, electrical, culinary, hospitality and nursing.

Living and training in Germany not only builds your technical skills but also enhances your language proficiency, intercultural competence, and personal growth. This experience is invaluable in today’s global job market and distinguishes DVT graduates from their peers.

Germany’s dual vocational training (DVT) system covers a wide range of professions across technical, commercial, and service sectors. These programmes are structured to meet the demands of the country’s robust industrial economy, and many are open to international applicants—including Malaysian students interested in hands-on learning and direct employment.

Here are some of the most sought-after DVT programmes available to international students.

Germany is known for its world-leading engineering and manufacturing sectors, making mechatronics one of the most prestigious and in-demand DVT tracks. This programme combines mechanical, electrical, and computer engineering to prepare students for careers in automation, robotics, and industrial systems. Key highlights:
  • Strong demand for qualified technicians in automotive and machinery industries.
  • Opportunity to work with cutting-edge technologies.
  • Excellent career progression and post-training employment rates.
If you’re passionate about service, tourism, or culinary excellence, Germany offers high-quality training in hotel management, restaurant service, and professional cooking. These TVET-style programmes are ideal for students who enjoy customer interaction, creativity, and hands-on work. Key highlights:
  • Work experience in hotels, restaurants, or resorts.
  • Exposure to international hospitality standards.
  • Strong placement rates in the service industry across Europe.
Applying for dual vocational training (DVT) in Germany as a Malaysian student is a structured but rewarding process. While it may seem complex at first, the right preparation and support can make the journey straightforward. This section outlines the key steps and requirements involved in starting your vocational training career in Germany.
To qualify for a DVT programme in Germany, Malaysian students generally need:
  • A completed secondary school qualification (e.g. SPM, IGCSE, or UEC).
  • Basic academic strength, especially in relevant fields such as Maths or Science.
  • A genuine interest in hands-on, skill-based learning.
  • Willingness to live and work in Germany for 3 to 4 years.
No prior experience is needed, but some programmes may prefer applicants with specific subject backgrounds or prior training from local TVET programmes in Malaysia.

Most dual vocational training programmes in Germany are conducted in German, especially in the workplace.

Therefore, students are typically required to achieve at least:

  • B1 or B2 level proficiency in the German language (according to the CEFR).
  • Certification through exams such as the Goethe-Zertifikat or telc Deutsch.

Early language preparation is crucial. Ideally, students should begin learning German while still in Malaysia, especially through structured language courses such as those offered by German Educare.

Here’s an overview of the typical application timeline for Malaysian students:

Decide which industry or training programme suits your skills and interests (e.g. hospitality, engineering, nursing).

Enrol in a certified German language programme and aim for at least B1 proficiency.

This includes your academic transcripts, CV, language certificates, and passport.

You will need to secure a training position with a company that participates in the DVT system.

Some companies may conduct interviews via video call to assess your suitability.

Once accepted, you’ll be given a vocational training contract by the German company.

Submit your contract, language certification, and financial documents to the German Embassy in Malaysia.

Once your visa is approved, you can travel to Germany and begin your dual vocational training.

Applying for DVT in Germany can be daunting if you’re unsure where to begin. As such, German Educare provides end-to-end support for Malaysians pursuing DVT in Germany, including:

  • A DVT Preparation Programme so that you’ll be ready to start.
  • Application guidance and interview preparation.
  • Matching with reputable companies in Germany.
  • Visa processing and guidance for accommodation.

This comprehensive approach ensures that students are not only eligible but well-prepared for success in the dual vocational training system.

Frequently Asked Questions

While both focus on skill-based education, the difference between TVET and DVT lies in their structure and outcomes. In Germany’s DVT system, students spend two thirds of their time in a company and only one third in vocational school.

They are employed, receive a monthly allowance, and graduate with industry-recognised certifications. In contrast, TVET Malaysia programmes are more classroom-based and often do not include paid, real-world experience during training.

Graduates of DVT programmes often receive job offers from their training companies. The qualifications are nationally recognised in Germany and across the EU, which opens up further employment or higher education opportunities.

Yes. You have the option to further your studies at a university after at least two years of working experience.

No. DVT covers a wide range of fields beyond engineering and trades. Popular sectors include hospitality, and healthcare—making it accessible for students with different interests and skill sets.

No, dual vocational training (DVT) is not the same as an internship. DVT is a formal, structured programme lasting 3–4 years, combining academic instruction with on-the-job training. It leads to a nationally recognised qualification in Germany. Internships, on the other hand, last for up to 6 months, and do not result in formal certification. In DVT, you are considered an employee, receive a monthly salary, and follow a regulated curriculum.

Yes, but you must apply directly to companies offering DVT positions and meet their specific requirements. Many companies interview applicants, and acceptance is competitive. Institutions like German Educare can assist in matching you with suitable companies and preparing your application.

There is no official upper age limit, but most trainees are between 18 and 30 years old. What’s more important is meeting academic and language requirements. Older applicants may still be accepted, especially if they have relevant experience or qualifications.

If you do not pass an exam or assessment, you may be given the opportunity to repeat that part of the programme. Most vocational schools and companies offer support, but persistent failure may result in programme termination. Consistent attendance, effort, and language skills are crucial for success.

Conclusion

For Malaysian students seeking an alternative to traditional university education, dual vocational training (DVT) in Germany offers a rewarding, career-focused option. By combining classroom theory with hands-on industry experience, DVT equips learners with in-demand skills, internationally recognised qualifications, and real-world confidence.

Unlike many TVET programmes in Malaysia, DVT provides a monthly salary, free tuition, and direct access to employment opportunities in Germany and beyond. Whether your interests lie in engineering, hospitality, or nursing, there’s a DVT pathway that matches your strengths and goals.

With the right preparation, particularly in language proficiency and application strategy, this structured system can be your gateway to long-term personal and professional success in Europe.

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